Artificial Intelligence Disclosure
This work is primarily the result of the research and creative efforts of the human author, Andrew Carnie. The chapters may, however, have been modified or assisted by artificial intelligence (AI). Disclosed uses of artificial intelligence include:
- Proofreading and copy editing, including grammar, spelling, formatting, and style adjustments
- The creation and modification of some images, graphics, tables, and charts
- The creation of some chapter summaries
- Brainstorming, particularly for creating discussion questions
When an image, graphic, or chart was created or modified by AI, that is disclosed in the media attributions. All other AI-assisted material has been verified by the human author. AI-generated prose has been edited and verified by a human author and a human editor.
Andrew Carnie
May 4, 2026