Glossary
- adjective
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a word that describes (or 'modifies') a noun; grammatically speaking, the part of speech that includes these words
- attributive adjective
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an adjective that comes directly before the noun that it modifies, as opposed to a predicative adjective, which comes after a linking verb
- cognitive framing
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the use of a familiar perspective or narrative to make sense of and evaluate new information
- competing metaphors
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conceptual metaphors used by opposing sides of an issue or argument that may produce cognitive dissonance when juxtaposed
- conceptual metaphor theory
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the theory that metaphors are fundamental to how humans conceptualize the world and their existence in it
- connotation
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an association or suggestion of a word or idea
- denotation
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the literal or actual meaning of a word
- depth of metaphor
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refers to whether a metaphor is obviously stated (shallow) or if it points to a deeper understanding (deep)
- figurative meaning
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the symbolic or metaphorical sense of a word, as opposed to its literal or denotative sense
- ideology
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a system of ideas and ideals about how the world is and how it should be, e.g. liberalism, conservatism, socialism, capitalism, colonialism, etc.
- linking verb
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a verb like 'be', 'become', 'seem', 'appear', 'smell', 'taste', etc. that is followed by a subject complement
- literal meaning
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the most obvious, concrete, or actual sense of a word
- metaphor
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a rhetorical device that enables us to connect two disparate words, concepts or things together such that some sort of transference of qualities or activity takes place from one to the other
- noun
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a word that is a person, place, thing, or concept; grammatically speaking, the part of speech comprised of these words
- originality of metaphor
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refers to whether a metaphor is newly invented by a user or is conventionally understood
- ornamental view of metaphors
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the view that metaphors are extra, superfluous, or not fundamental
- propaganda
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Information that deliberately promotes a particular perspective, regardless of its veracity.
- scale of metaphor
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the size of what a metaphor refers to -- from a single situation (small) to a larger, broader phenomenon (large)
- subject
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Linguistically speaking, a subject is the actor, doer, or primary noun or pronoun of a clause. In English it comes first.
- subject complement
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a word or phrase that comes after a linking verb (e.g. 'is') that describes, or is equatable, to the subject
- transitive verb
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a verb that requires or takes an object, like most uses of 'eat', 'speak', or 'see'
- verb
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a words that describe an action, state, or occurrence; grammatically speaking, the part of speech comprised of these words