Acknowledgements

Original Editors

Kimberly Ernstmeyer, MSN, RN, CNE, CHSE, APNP-BC
Elizabeth Christman, DNP, RN, CNE

Original Graphics Editor

Nic Ashman, MLIS, Librarian, Chippewa Valley Technical College

Original Developing Authors

Developing authors remixed existing open educational resources and/or developed content based on evidence-based sources and experience in the mental health field:

Elizabeth Christman, DNP, RN, CNE
Dawn Barone, MSN, RN, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Sue Dzubay, MSN, RN, CHSE, RN-BC, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Kimberly Ernstmeyer, MSN, RN, CNE, CHSE, APNP-BC, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Jeanne Green, EdS, MSN, RN, CNE, CHEP, RN-BC, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Deb Johnson-Schuh, MSN, RN, CNE, Mid-State Technical College
Rorey Pritchard, EdS, MEd, MSN, RN-BC, CNOR(E), CNE, Senior RN Clinical Educator, Allevant Solutions, LLC
Miriam Sward, DNP, PMHNP, APNP, Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
Alicia Tays, MS, LPC, Counselor

Original Contributors

Contributors assisted in creating this textbook:

Jane Flesher, MST, Proofreader, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Shronda Green, MSN, RN, Gateway Technical College
Vince Mussehl, MLIS, Open RN Lead Librarian, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Joshua Myers, Web Developer, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Kelly Nelson, MSN, RN, Mid-State Technical College
Amanda Olson-Komisar, CSW, Social Worker; Pupil Services Teacher Assistant, Pepin Area Schools
Andrea Olson, MSN, RN, Trempealeau County Healthcare Center
Meredith Pomietlo, BA, Retail Design and Marketing, University of Wisconsin – Stout
Dominic Slauson, BA, Open RN Instructional Technologist
Jamie Zwicky, EdD, MSN, RN, Moraine Park Technical College

Original Advisory Committee

The Open RN Advisory Committee consisted of industry members and nursing deans who provided input for the Open RN textbooks and virtual reality scenarios:

Jenny Bauer, MSN, RN, NPD-BC, Mayo Clinic Health System Northwest Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI
Lisa Cannestra, Eastern Wisconsin Healthcare Alliance
Travis Christman, MSN, RN, Chief Nursing Officer, HSHS Sacred Heart and St. Joseph’s Hospitals
Sheri Johnson, UW Population Health Institute
Vicki Hulback, DNP, RN, Dean of Nursing, Gateway Technical College
Jenna Julson, MSN, RN, NPD-BC, Nursing Education Specialist, Mayo Clinic Health System Northwest Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI
Brian Krogh, MSN, RN, Associate Dean – Health Sciences, Northeast Wisconsin Technical College
Hugh Leasum, MBA, MSN, RN, Nurse Manager Cardiology/ICU, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI
Pam Maxwell, SSM Health
Mari Kay-Nobozny, NW Wisconsin Workforce Development Board
Amy Olson, DNP, RN, Nursing Education Specialist, Mayo Clinic Health System Northwest Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI
Gina Petrie, MSN, RN, Dean of Nursing, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Rorey Pritchard, EdS, MEd, MSN, RN-BC, CNOR(E), CNE, Senior RN Clinical Educator, Allevant Solutions, LLC
Kelly Shafaie, MSN, RN, Associate Dean of Nursing, Moraine Park Technical College
Ernise Watson, PhD, RN, Associate Dean of Nursing, Madison Area Technical College
Sherry Willems, HSHS St. Vincent Hospital

Original Reviewers

Caryn Aleo, PhD, RN, CCRN, CEN, CNE, CNEcl, Pasco-Hernando State College
Dawn Barone, MSN, RN, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Lisa Bechard, MSN, RN, Mid-State Technical College
Shanleigh Bechard, MS, LPC, Beloit Area Community Health Center
Ginger Becker, Nursing Student, Portland Community College
Nancy Bonard, MSN, RN-BC, St. Joseph’s College of Maine
Joan Buckley, PhD, RN, Nassau Community College
Kathleen Capone, MS, RN, CNE, EdD, Utica College
Lorraine Chiappetta, MSN, RN, CNE, Emeritus Washtenaw Community College
Travis Christman, MSN, RN, Hospital Sister’s Health System
Maria Darris, MSN, RN, St. Louis Community College
Tamara Davis, MSN, RN, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Andrea Dobogai, DNP, RN, Moraine Park Technical College
Judith Dornbach, DNP, MSN, RN, NEA-BC, Southwestern Oregon Community College
Jessica Dwork, MSN-Ed, RN, Maricopa Community Colleges-Phoenix Collège
Terri J. Farmer, PhD, PMHNP-BC, University of Arizona College of Nursing
Rachael Farrell, EdD, MSN, CNE Howard Community College, Columbia, MD
Vivienne Friday, EdD, MSN, RN, CNE, MSOL Goodwin University
Jocelyn E. Goodwin, MSN, RN, Paradise Valley Community College
Kerry L. Hamm, MSN, RN, Lakeland University
Julia Harelstad, MSN, RN, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire WI
Deborah Harmon, BSN, RN, AdventHealth Zephyrhills/Dade City
Melissa Hauge, MSN, RN, Madison College
Camille Hernandez, MSN, APRN-Rx, ACNP/FNP, Hawaii Community College – Palamanui
Katherine Howard, MS, RN-BC, CNE, Middlesex College New Jersey
Susan Jepsen, MSN, RN, CNE, Lansing Community College
Eric Johnson, MSN, RN, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Kathi L. Johnson, DNP, MS, RN-BC, CNE, Howard Community College
Jenna Julson, MSN, RN, NPD-RN, Mayo Clinic Health System
Andrew D. Kehl, DNP, MSN, MPH, APRN, RN, Vermont Technical College
Kathryn Kieran, MSN, PMHNP-BC, MGH Institute of Health Professions
Lindsay Kuhlman, BSN, RN, HSHS Sacred Heart
Kathy L. Loppnow, MSN, RN, WTCS Health Science Education Director (retired)
Dawn M. Lyon, MSN, RN, Saint Clair County Community College
Erin Micale-Sexton, DNP, MSN-RN, CNL, Lansing Community College, Madonna University, Arizona College
Sara K. Mitchell, MSN, RN, Fox Valley Technical College
Jamie Murphy, PhD, RN, SUNY Delhi
Kelly Nelson, MSN, RN, Mid-State Technical College
Tram Nguyen, Nursing Student, Portland Community College
Tennille O’Connor, DNP, RN, CNE, College of Central Florida
Andrea Olson, MSN, RN, Trempealeau County Health Care Center
Amanda Olson-Komisar, CSW, Social Worker; Pupil Services Teacher Assistant, Pepin Area Schools
Grace Paul, DNP, MPhil, RN, CNE, Glendale Community College
Krista Polomis, MSN, RN, CNE, Nicolet College
Mary A. Pomietlo, MSN, RN, CNE, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire
Cassandra Porter, MSN, RN, Lake Land College
Rachel Potaczek, BSN, RN, Chippewa County Department of Public Health
Rorey Pritchard, EdS, MSN, RN-BC, NPD, CNOR(E), CNE, Allevant Solutions, LLC
Debbie Rickeard, DNP, MSN, BScN, BA, RN, CNE, CCRN, University of Windsor
Argie Rivera, DNP, MAN, PMHNP-BC, Polara Health, Grand Canyon University, Cara Behavioral Health
Kathleen S. Rizzo, MSN, RN, St Louis Community College at Forest Park
Ann K. Rosemeyer, MSN, RN, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Brenda Scheurer, MS, PMP, Eau Claire City-County Health Department
Cynthia Schroder, MSN, RN, FNP, Yavapai College
Katherine A. Sell, MSN, RN, IBCLC, CNE, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire
Alexis Smith, MScN, RN, Western University
Justine Sparrgrove, MSN, RN, Southwest Wisconsin Technical College
Morgan Stock, MSN-Ed, RN, CNE, University of Arizona
Miriam A. Sward, DNP, PMHNP, APNP, Northlakes Community Clinic
Maria E. Thomas, MSN, MS, RN, CNE, Yavapai College
Jane Trainis, MS, PMHCNS-BC, CNE, Community College of Baltimore County
Jennie E. Ver Steeg, MLIS, AHIP, Mercy College of Health Sciences
Emily Vergenz, MSN, RN, Lakeshore Technical College
Devon Rice Weaver, MSN, RN, Clatsop Community College
Nancy Whitehead, PhD, APNP, RN, Milwaukee Area Technical College

2025 Editor and Author

Terri J. Farmer, PhD, PMHNP-BC, CNE, University of Arizona College of Nursing

2025 Reviewers

LaTonia Chalmers, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-BC, NC-BC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Liz Greene, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-BC, University of Utah
Cynthia Linkes, DNP, MSN-CNS, RN, CPHQ, CCM, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
JoEllen Schimmels, PhD, DNP, PMHNP-BC, ANP-BC, CNE, FAAN, Emory University

2025 Copyeditor

Julie Balsdon Henderson, MS, RN, ELS

Dr. Farmer Wishes to Thank:

Cheryl Cuillier Casey for her resourceful and consistent support, editing, and coaching. This project was not possible with out her.

Carol Brown, University of Arizona College of Nursing alumnus, our donor for supporting nursing OER projects

Dr. Chalmers, Dr. Greene, Dr. Linkes, and Dr. Schimmels, reviewers listed above, for unbiased, clear suggestions to improve this work.

The University of Arizona Libraries for the wealth of information.

My family and my colleagues at the University of Arizona College of Nursing.

Cover Information

Front cover design is by Terri J. Farmer. The cover image “Little White Blooms” by Karen Kleis is marked with Public Domain Mark 1.0.