1. Introduction

Most chapters in this book  contain both a cultural and historical description and a web links to a dance description. This chapter is a little different, because it doesn’t contain any real cultural background, history, geography or ethnography. This chapter just has descriptions for 29 dances that you can use to get you or your friends doing folk dance and having a fun evening.

2. A Few Thoughts About Dance Descriptions

I have to say, I’m a little nervous about giving formal dance descriptions in a book that someone who is not an experienced dancer might pick up and use. There’s a couple of reasons for this.

First, written descriptions can only ever be partial. There’s no way I can capture the subtle distinctions of style and form in a 1-2 page dance description. So, in many ways, these descriptions are primarily meant as a memory aid to work out exactly what steps happen on what beat. Long experience has taught me that if you try to learn a dance just by looking at a written description rather than by watching or doing it, what you produce may actually bear little resemblance to how the dance actually goes.

 Second, some people find written dance descriptions utterly impenetrable. They can’t make head nor tails of the abbreviations or descriptive statements. If you’re one of these people, you’re in good company. For those of you who can’t abide by dance notation gobbledygook, I’ve tried to also include YouTube links so you can watch the dance being done. I’ve also tried to provide additional information that may be useful to you about the background of the dance and other related information such as song lyrics, and links to more background.

Don’t be frustrated if you don’t understand these descriptions. Just watch the videos or learn the dance from an experienced dancer or teacher. But these descriptions are here for you if you need them.

In my descriptions below I’m going to use a lot of the terms I sketch out in the chapters 23-26. Those chapters can provide a reference if you don’t understand the terminology I use here. But please also watch the videos.

All of these dance descriptions are taken from my dance notation blog: http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com. You can find fuller versions of each of these dance descriptions on that website with references and expanded information, such as lyrics and links to further resources on each of these dances on that website.

3.  Line and Circle Dances

An Dro Retourné
Brittany, France

This is a nice little traditional dance done to catchy music. It is from the Celtic region of Brittany in the west of France. This version of the dance has two parts, but for a quick teach, you can leave off the second part and just do the first step. Often at community dances in Brittany you will see only the first part. The version with two parts is traditionally done to the song “Changerais tu?” or in the Breton language “Chañj Tu”. The song is a nonsense verse singing about how many sheep there are in each pasture.

The dance can be done either vigorously or with lower energy, so it is suitable for dancers of different ages and skill levels. The pattern is reasonably simple. The turning variation adds an additional level of complexity because for a brief period of time you are facing out and not looking at anyone.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/01/an-dro-retournechanj-tu-brittany.html.

Part 1: Basic An Dro

Bar 1: Step L diagonally to the L into center of the circle (1). Close R next to L (&). Step L again diagonally forward (2). Arms: Swing forward and up (1). Then making a small circle, come towards you and down, arching quickly back up (2) – if viewed from the dancer’s right side, the motion taken would be in the shape of a 9, starting at the bottom of the 9.

Bar 2: Turn to face slightly R of center, then back out stepping R (1). Step on L closed next to R (&). Step R (2). Arms do the reverse of bar 1.

Repeat until the music changes to the “Changerais Tu, Madelaine Madelaine” chorus

Part 2: Changerais-Tu

Bar 1: Footwork as in bar 1 of part 1, except on count 2, drop hands do a 1/2 turn pulling R shoulder back to face out. Clap on count 2.

Bar 2: Footwork as in bar 2 of part 1, except back up into the center of the circle.

Bar 3: Repeat bar 1, 1/2 turn pulling R shoulder back to face center.

Bar 4: Repeat bar 2 but backing out of center.

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4 of part 1.

Repeat until the music switches back to the verse or instrumental.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/4pIINdCQFuQ?si=xxdyxeIY9hKNUWqA
• https://youtu.be/DuVlH2utkBU?si=oF7IdXI-JS-SRR6z
• https://youtu.be/9SLgDE6ugnk?si=w9kqLJJ_BHHcvn05
• https://youtu.be/oXl-apE-DCs?si=WF1NG8RRbspAuvzy
• https://youtu.be/_35aVCH9Fl4?si=xGfy3okCMswMTQy5

Andrew’s Little Râčenica
Рьченица
Bulgaria

The Râčenica is style or genre of Bulgarian dance. There are many different Râčenica choreographies. There is one very simple choreography that was widely taught in North America by the famous dance teacher Dick Crum which is often called “Dick’s little Râčenica”, for lack of a better name. In 2017, I had intended to teach Crum’s choreography to my group. But I goofed and actually taught a variation of the first step of the dance Elenska Râčenica. I liked the way this fit to the music I chose, so I’ve kept it as “Andrew’s Little Râčenica”.

The footwork of the dance is simple, although the rhythm will be new to most people. The music is definitely filled with energy, but the dancers can do the dance both vigorously or more leisurely.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2017/10/andrews-little-racenica-bulgaria.html

Bar 1: Facing center, step on R to R (Q). Bounce on R (Q). Step on L behind (S). Arms swing down and back, then forward.

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1, except arms just swing back and forward.

Bar 3: Facing center, step R (Q), L (Q), R (S) in place. Hands are in W position.

Bar 4: Repeat bar 3, with opposite footwork.

Repeat until the end of the music.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/rK9ShWjGLo8?si=QfDuzzUrpEvICK-H
• https://youtu.be/sZQx1fSXIWw?si=FwPZRqBNhtcYTp3P

Carnavalito
Bolivia

Originally taught by Nelda Drury. This dance is done during Carnaval, by indigenous people to distinctive Andean music played on the pan flute. The name of the tune is El Guadalquivir, which is the name of a river. This is a fun skipping dance that works very well with young children. The bending over and straightening up makes the dance quite different from everything else I teach. The skipping part in particular can be quite energetic.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/01/carnavalito-bolivia.html

Part  1

All steps are in Line of Direction (CCW).

Bar 1: Step R (1), L (2) forward in LOD, body bent at the waist.

Bar 2: Take three steps R (1), L(&), R (2) in LOD.

Bar 3: Step L (1), R (2) forward in LOD, body straightens up.

Bar 4: Take three steps L (1), R (&), L (2) in LOD.

Bars 5-16: Repeat bars 1-4, 3 more times.

Part 2

Bars 1-8: 16 skipping steps to the right (CCW=LOD)  (1 skipping step = step on one foot, then hop on it)

Bars 9-16: 16 skipping steps to the left (CW=RLOD)

Arms swing forward and back through out.

Alternate the two steps until the end of the music.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/8G8nO8Bsmzw?si=7bzALccFDGX6PX0C
• https://youtu.be/10dR-1AoPKs?si=zbOTCvH9iHom8gcs
• https://youtu.be/xPKBHAl2uwY?si=0XeZ1gICfceN_uu4
• https://youtu.be/ryoxzVpog-s?si=HG0ATy8fWEsTCVbn
• https://youtu.be/rUTr2VaCq1w?si=I3y1jTiPT88xAYFD

Dimna Juda
Димна Јуда
Macedonia

I learned this dance from Judy Silver in Toronto. This is one of two different dances done to the song Dimna Juda. The song is about a witch who uses the bodies of young brides and grooms to build her castle.

The dance is sedate, so it makes for a good break after doing more vigorous dances. The sequence is simple, but the trick is to know when to add the extra touch and go the opposite direction.

Complete directions with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2008/04/dimna-juda-macedonia.html

Music:  https://youtu.be/s7yXzHCPJUM, Tanec Skopje Skopje
Meter: 2/4
Formation: Open circle
Hand Position: W-position.
Introduction: Start with singing.

Bar 1: Facing slightly R of center, walk R (1), L (2) in LOD.

Bar 2: Turning to face center, step R to R (1). Touch L next to R (2).

Bar 3: Step L to L (1). Touch R (2).

Bars 4-12: Repeat bars 1-3 three more times.

Bars 13-15: Repeat bars 1-3.

Bar 16: Repeat bar 2.

Bar 17: Step L to L (1). Step on R across in front of L (2).

Bar 18: Repeat bar 3.

Bar 19: Repeat bar 2.

Bar 20: Repeat bar 3.

Repeat until the end of the music.

Videos:

• https://youtu.be/pasAUCx_xvo?si=8nrgu9yDuVQfiKYd
• https://youtu.be/g9PAU-71Ano?si=l_Visoi6qf6k4akz

El Tanoura
التنورة
Lebanon

This dance is a Lebanese style dabke, it was arranged to this music by Joey Talerico out of traditional steps and taught to our DNC179A class. The title of the song translates as “The skirt”. This dance has energetic and driving Arabic music and is a favorite among my college aged students.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2025/01/el-tanoura-dabke-lebanon.html

Part 1:

Bar 1: Facing center, step on L across over R (1). Step on R to R (2).

Bars 2-3: Repeat bar 1, two more times (three in total).

Bar 4: Hop on R, kicking L foot forward on the R diagonal (1). Stamp R next to L (2).

Repeat until the leader calls a change

Part 2:

Bars 1-3: Repeat bars 1-3 of part 1.

Bar 4: With a straight leg, touch L heel across over R (1). Touch L heel straight forward (2).

Repeat until the leader calls a change

Part 3:

Bars 1-3: Repeat bars 1-3 of part 1.

Bar 4: Stamp L foot across over R (1). Stamp L foot slightly to L of R, with knee turned out (2).

Repeat until the leader calls a change

Video

• https://youtu.be/CS7r9rJ_LWE?si=ZrGv4cqPXtFx8aAh

Haderianschottis
Sweden

Originally taught by Roo Lester. Roo learned it from a Swedish gilledans group. This is a fun and easy circle dance, so it’s perfect to do with groups who don’t want to do couple dances or to do with children. It’s also a great way to teach the basic Schottis (Schottische) step to new dancers.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2021/01/haderianschottis-sweden.html

Part 1:

Bar 1: Traveling to the R, step R (1), L (&), R (2) in LOD. Hop on R facing center (&) (i.e., a schottische step to the R.)

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1 with opposite footwork and direction (schottische to the L.)

Bar 3: Step R (1), L (&), R (2) into the center. Hop on R (&). (i.e., Schottische into the center.)

Bar 4: Backing away from the center, step L (1), R (&), L (2). Hop on L (&). (Schottische backing out.)

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4.

Part 2:

Bar 1: Facing center,  step on R to R (1). Close L next to R with weight (&). Step on R to R (2). Close L next to R with weight (&).

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1.

Bar 3: Repeat bar 1.

Bar 4: Stomp R (1), L (&), R (2), in place. Pause (&).

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4, with opposite footwork and direction.

Repeat the dance from the beginning

Video

• https://youtu.be/m-v8bI3VJeI?si=983B-krL4MfqwXhy

I Trata
Η Τράτα μας η κουρελού
Greece

Introduced to the USA by John Pappas in the 1960s.  This dance represents the actions of the fishmen pulling in their nets. The dance is done at Easter time by the women of Megara. This is a nice leisurely dance that can be put on as a resting dance between two more vigorous ones. The footwork of the two parts is simple, and they fit the music well. I often teach the dancers the lyrics so they can sing along. The only tricky part of this dance is the transition back to part 1 from part 2, where you omit the first bar.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/04/i-trata-greece.html

Part 1: Sta Tria

Bar 1:  Step R in LOD (1). Cross L over R (2).

Bar 2:  Step R to R (1). Touch L diagonally to L (2).

Bar 3:  Step L to L (1). Touch R diagonally to R (2).

Bars 4-12: Repeat bars 1-3, three more times.

Part 2: Backing up

Bar 1:  Step R back out of circle (1). Step L Back out Circle (2).
Bar 2:  Step R back out of circle (1). Step L Back out Circle (2).
Bar 3: Take a large step on R diagonally into the center (1) with a big knee bend. Step on L crossing over R (2).
Bars 4-15: Repeat bars 1-3, 4 more times (total of 5).
Start the dance again except omit bar 1 of part 1 the first time through each sequence (bar 15 of part 2 replaces bar 1 of part 1)

Video

• https://youtu.be/KLetv91KkQY?si=a3W1NAAlTUaqP6Ai
• https://youtu.be/l7TsD99vdIk?si=j5lzp3lHUSwO4LkN
• https://youtu.be/A46Vq2a87Pw?si=kSABRKu8sBX_3nFr

Kendime
Turkey

Introduced to the US by Bora Özkök. Bora arranged the dance to this music out of traditional footwork. A very simple dance that’s not too vigorous. It is suitable for all ages and ability levels.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/01/kendime-turkey.html

Bar 1: Walk R (1), L (2), R (3), L (4) in LOD.

Bar 2: Facing center, step R to R (1). Touch L toe next to R (2). Step L into center (3). Rut right foot behind left knee with a bend on the L (4).

Videos

• https://youtu.be/gN1wwAUGzOk?si=foQ8o7q8MpxLQ4ks
• https://youtu.be/f54vyNYUveQ?si=kGNFWV1gw868LNZm
• https://youtu.be/UeX-G9A6d2s?si=eJa_OlOO7-mcR7x_
• https://youtu.be/WuNSHhYEy8k?si=fX4cBILdtwB6TZeZ

Opsa
U.S. Serbian/Croatian

Introduced by Dick Crum. Dick says he learned the dance at a Tamburitza Extravaganza weekend in Los Angeles in 1993. He believes it to be a dance created here in the US (probably the Pittsburgh area) by immigrant communities of Serbians and Croatians. It has the same structure as a dance from South Serbia known as Vranjanka. This is a nice easy-paced danced, with a simple 5 bar pattern. It is very popular as a warmup dance in our various dance groups here in Tucson.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/03/opsa-usserbiacroatia.html

Bar 1: Facing slightly R of center, walk R (1), L (2) in LOD.

Bar 2: Turning to face center, step on R to R (1). Touch L next to R (2).

Bar 3: Step on L to L (1). Touch R next to L (2).

Bar 4: Repeat bar 2.

Bar 5: Step on L to L (1). Rock on R crossed behind L. Arms swing down and back (2). Rock forward in place on L. Arms swing back up to W position (&).

Repeat dance from the beginning until the end of the music

Videos

• https://youtu.be/If-YFuVNkCQ?si=uqXHuFbZ9p-h4gd7
• https://youtu.be/JfBuXuNXh6Y?si=Juy4ABPQUjVFnwZT
• https://youtu.be/Gl1Qyw5dmVw?si=i8efLnhnSpUEvE6k

Ördög Útja
Moldvai-Csángo people in Romania

The Csángo people are Hungarians who live in Moldova in Eastern Romania. This is one of their most common dances. It is also known by its Romanian name Drumul Dracului. There are both Romanian and Csángo tunes for this dance. The Csángo music we like, is quite long and gets faster and faster. Because of this, it’s good to program a slower dance after it.

  Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2015/03/drumul-dracului-ordog-utja-romania.html

Part 1

Facing center

Bar 1: Step R to R (1). Close L next to  R (2).

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1.

Bar 3: Step R to R (1). Stamp on L next to R (2).

Bar 4: Stamp L next to R (1). Pause (2).

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4 with opposite footwork and direction.

Bars 9-16: Repeat bars 1-8.

Part 2

Bar 1: Facing center, Rock forward into center on ball of R foot (1). Rock back in place on L (2).

Bar 2: Rock backwards out of center on ball of R foot (1). Rock forward in place on L (2).

Bar 3-4: Repeat bars 1-2.

Bar 5-6: Repeat bars 1-2.

Bar 7: Stamp R next to L (1).  Stamp R again (2).

Bar 8: Stamp R a third time (1). Pause (2).

Bars 9-16: Repeat bars 1-8.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/Xq-08DNwXpU?si=Ytk6OQGUMMiixViK
• https://youtu.be/Ng73dFzQSl8?si=-zi7L5ubG7oEOqeu

Savila Se Bela Loza
Савила Се Бела Лоза
Serbia

Originally Presented in the US by Dennis Boxell in 1965. The title translates as a “grapevine intertwined with itself”. In some ways this dance is similar in energy to Carnavalito, so if I were programming an evening of dancing, I’d probably only include one of these two.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/04/savila-se-bela-loza-serbia.html

Part 1:

Bars 1-5: Start in single file facing LOD. Starting with R foot take 19 running steps in LOD (CCW), pause on count 20.

Bars 6-10: Starting with L foot, take 19 running steps in RLOD (CW), pause on count 20.

Part 2:

Bar 1: Facing center, step R to R (1). Step on L closed next to R (2). Step R to R (3). Small kick of L forward (4).

Bar 2: Step L to L (1). Step on R closed next to L (2). Step L to L (3). Small kick of R forward (4).

Bars 3-4: Repeat bars 1-2.

Bars 5-6: Repeat bars 1-2.

Repeat the dance from the beginning until the end of the music.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/HAexs3A1A-c?si=fwp_mNBZ1xLMpGJ3
• https://youtu.be/BvaW3lSYQc0?si=Kq2igdxuJS_QfQ2V
• https://youtu.be/uK4g_VMfz8E?si=Q6z_Mh3E_hlKJ-Gp
• https://youtu.be/B0YEBNiJ5eI?si=b2BZ4jQHnwpoK7Wa

Tamzara
Թամզարա
Armenia/Turkey

There are many dances/variations called Tamzara. It’s a fairly common name for a line dance done in 9/8. I arranged this version out of traditional steps. The dance is found in both Turkey and Armenia. We do it here in Tucson to a Turkish Tune.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2017/09/tamzara-tucson-version-armenia.html

Bar 1: Facing center, Step on R to R, hands rotate forward and down at wrist (as if dipping into something) (Q). Step on L behind R, hands come back up (Q). Step on R to R, rotating hands forward and down (Q). Step on L behind R, hands come back up (S).

Bars 2-4: Repeat bar 1, three more times (4 in total).

Bar 5: Step on R into the center (Q). Čukče on R (Q). Step on L into the center, leading with L shoulder  and facing LOD. Arms come forward and down to V position (Q). Stamp R foot next to L (S)

Bar 6:  Step on R back out of the center, arms start to come up from V position and body turns to face center again (Q). Čukče on R (Q). Step back on L, arms continue up (Q). Stamp R next to L, arms are in W position (S).

Bars 7-8: Repeat bars 5-6.

Repeat bars 1-8 until the end of the music.

Videos:

• https://youtu.be/t1Vl2UpTnOE?si=HBNRGkgugYg_kDXr
• https://youtu.be/5Ke57Tqp6jw?si=jL6GDz-qQOF8hIEo

Zemer Atik
זמר עתיק
Israel

Choreographed by Rivka Sturman. This version of the dance only uses the first two parts of the original Nigun Atik; the second two parts (in couple formation) are now usually omitted. Zemer Atik means “ancient song”. Also called Nigun Atik “Ancient Melody”. Although this dance has a unique hand hold, it’s mostly walking and swaying, so it’s an exceptionally good dance to start absolute beginners with. It’s the dance that I often use as the very first dance in a beginner’s group.

Complete notes with lyrics, further information and references can be found at:https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/03/zemer-atik-nigun-atik-israel.html

Part 1

Bar 1: Facing LOD, walk R (1), L (2), R (3), L (4) forward in LOD.

Bar 2: Facing LOD, sway on R to R (away from center) (1). Clap hands near head on the right side (2), Clap again (&). Sway on L to L (towards center) (3). Clap hands near head on the left side (4).

Bars 3-8: Repeat bars 1-2, three more times (4 in total).

Part 2

Bar 1: Facing center, not holding hands with neighbors, sway on R to R and slightly forward with hand up above heads (1). Snap fingers to the R (2). Sway on L to L and slightly forward (3). Snap fingers to the L (4).

Bar 2: Back away from center stepping R (1), L (2), R (3), L (4). Hands lower down to sides, palms up.

Bars 3-8: Repeat bars 1-2, three more times (4 in total)

Video

• https://youtu.be/U5YAfIeSWEI?si=Wq8fqluF3kDPju3z
• https://youtu.be/i8LrOUWMWOw?si=O-e44vTSrCX9TvbR

3. Solo Dances/American Line Dances

Cajun Cross
USA

Choreographed by Janet Padgett. However, we have made a few adjustments to the choreography for our group here in Tucson. So, we do it slightly differently than the original choreography.

 Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2021/09/cajun-cross-usa.html

Bar 1: Vine R (step on R to R (1), Step on L behind R (2). Step on R to R (3). Scuff L foot forward (4).

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1 with opposite footwork and direction.

Bar 3: Struts backing up (step on toe of R backwards (1). Lower R heel down (2). Step on toe of L backwards (3). Lower L heel down (2).

Bar 4: Repeat bar 3.

Bar 5: Step on R forward (1), Close L behind R (2). Step forward on R  (3). Brush L heel forward (4).

Bar 6: Repeat bar 5 with opposite footwork.

Bar 7: Cross R over L (1). Brush L forward and across over R (2). Step on L across over R (3). Brush R forward heel forward and across over L (4)

Bar 8: Repeat bar 7, except on the brush on count (4), do a 1/4 to face L hand wall.

Video:

• https://youtu.be/9EuYj_kl3D4?si=E8SpdrMSENGRa5Qa

Syp Simeon
Сыпь, Семен
Russia/Netherlands

The origins of this dance are somewhat obscure. The song is Russian. But I was told the dance was made up by some Dutch school teachers.The dance is a hand-jive, which means all the action is done with the hands and arms. You can do the dance seated or standing. As such it’s a great participatory dance for audiences, seniors, and people with mobility issues. Because it’s just a little bit silly it also goes down well with children.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2008/02/syp-simeon-russian-maybe-dutch.html

Bar 1: 4 slaps on knees with both hands.

Bar 2: 4 claps in front of body.

Bar 3: 4 “over unders” (palms flat, facing down, R hand over L, cross hands keeping them parallel to the ground, and uncross. Repeat 3 more times).

Bar 4: 4 fists (put hands in fists, thumbs up. Bang R fist over L, then L over R, R over L, L over R.

Bar 5: 2 “firecrackers” (grab R elbow with Left hand (1), push up, making R hand finger open out like an explosion (2), repeat other hand.

Bar 6:  Make 2 rowing gestures to the Right, followed by 2 to the Left.

Bar 7: “Making faces” splay hands, with thumbs pointing towards face. One thumb touching the nose, the other touching side of first hand (1) bring splayed hands to ears (thumbs touching ears) (2). Repeat (3,4).

Bar 8: Slapping your hands up and down do 3 claps, followed by sticking hands in the air and say “Hey”.

Video

• https://youtu.be/eHa_SRzomto?si=IThYBSIlPX8tIE_w
• https://youtu.be/y7PS05c3TQk?si=smYr7cXmbZSGQsfo
• https://youtu.be/WpwWO5NycOg?si=fY_ofKi-p4KSfbHZ

Yolanda
USA

Choreography by Bea Montrose. Widely taught by Vonnie Brown, Nelda Drury, Ira Weisburd and Sandy Starkman. There are a couple of line dances called Yolanda. This is the one set to the Venezuelan Cumbia tune called Yolanda performed by Emir Boscan Y Los Tomasinos. Because this dance has a Latin vibe, it’s a nice change of pace from the other dances I’ve presented here.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/04/yolanda-weisburd-version-usa.html

Part 1 Crossing

(4 crosses to the left, 4 to the right, 4 to left, 4 to right)

Bar 1: Step on R across over L (1). Step L to L (&). Step on R across over L (2). Step Left to L (&).

Bar 2: Step on R across over L (1). Step L to L (&). Step on R across over L (2). Pause, slightly lifting L to bring it in front (&).

Bar 3: Step on L across over R (1). Step R to R (&). Step on L across over R (2). Step R to R (&)

Bar 4: Step on L across over R (1). Step R to R (&). Step on L across over R (2). Pause slightly lifting R to bring it in front (&).

Bars 5-8: Repeat 1-4.

Part 2 “Yolanda” (Box Cha cha)

Bar 1: Step Forward on R (1). Step forward on L (2).

Bar 2:  With a R (1), L (&), R (2), cha cha, turn a quarter to the L to face the left wall.

Bars 3-4: Repeat bars 1-2 to left wall, turning to face back wall.

Bars 5-6: Repeat bars 1-2 to back wall, turning to face right wall.

Bars 7-8: Repeat bars 1-2 to right wall, turning to face front wall.

Part 3 Mambo

(back mambo, front mambo, right mambo, left mambo)

Bar 1: Step back on R (1). Step on L in place, forward of R (&). Step forward on R next to L (2).

Bar 2:  Step forward on L (1). Step on R in place (&). Step back on L next to R (2).

Bar 3:  Step to the R on R (1). Step in place on L (&). Step on R next to L (2).

Bar 4:  Step on L to L (1). Step in place on R (&). Step on L next to R (2).

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4.

Video

• https://youtu.be/CiF7ZUs8hzs?si=s7yBZDdwzaeKBzOD
• https://youtu.be/5NzgIivhdJc?si=xjbCeV8nVEzy8PbG

4. Mixers

Fiona’s Saunter
USA

This is a contra-style mixer version of the Scottish Country Dance mixer “The McDonald Saunter”, which we learned from Andrew’s sister Fiona. This contra version was choreographed by Andrew Carnie. This dance is a little more complicated than others in this chapter because you have to teach the students to promenade, allemand, balance, dosado, and swing, but it’s a perpetual favorite in my college class.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2011/09/fionas-saunter-usa.html

Bars 1-4: Promenade forward CCW 7 steps, on 8th step, pivot towards one another to end up facing CW.

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4, but end facing each other, robins facing in, larks facing out. Retain L hands, drop R.

Bars 9-12: Reach out with the R, and allemande R with your corner (turn your corner all the way around with the R).

Bars 13-16: Allemand L your original partner.

Bars 17-20: Form a wavy line; balance to the R (corner) and L (partner) twice.

Bars 21-24: Allemand R your corner.

Bars 25-28: Do Si Do your corner.

Bars 29-32: Swing your corner. End with corner as your new partner ready to promenade.

Repeat until the end of the music.

Video:

• https://youtu.be/7wSdDeASC2c?si=OkpqppHPgn97Ea1F

Johan På Snippen
Sweden

Learned from Nancy Bannister. The dance is very similar to various other couple mixers such as Ti Ti Ty Jenkka. The trick here is to teach students to do the schottische step. Once that’s in place it’s an easy sequence to remember.

Complete notes with, further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/01/johan-pa-snippen-sweden.html

Footwork: Schottische steps (R & L)

Bar 1: Three runs forward L (1), R (&), L (2). Hop on L (&).

Bar 2: Three runs forward R (1), L (&), R.(2). Hop on R (&).

The Dance:

Bars 1-2: Schottische L and R in LOD .

Bars 3-4: Four step hops forward in LOD: Step L (1), Hop on L (&), Step R (2). Hop on R (&). Step on L (1). Hop on L (&). Step on R (2). Hop on R (&).

Bars 5-8: Repeat bars 1-4.

Bars 9-10: Swing in to face center, Everyone schottische L,R into the center.

Bars 11-12: Everyone schottische L,R backing out of the circle.

Bars 13-16: Robins schottische L,R into the center, and L,R out of center.

Bars 17-18: Larks schottische L,R into the center. Get into a shoulder hold in the center.

Bars 19-24: Larks circle to the Left with 5 schottische steps (L,R,L,R,L), then back out to a new partner with a sixth schottische (R).

Repeat dance from the beginning until the end of the music.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/696KswrLpXI?si=lXiXU7PU03ZNZ5xW
• https://youtu.be/FmKcUHDU9mM?si=JRMAfIwS6KD9HXgk

La Bastringue
Québec, Canada

A couple mixer from Quebec that was originally part of a Quadrille (square dance) sequence. The dance was collected by Jean Trudel but widely taught by France Bourque-Moreau and Yves Moreau. This is an old classic. The sequence is straightforward, but it does have a swing in it, which may be a challenge for some beginners.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2014/03/la-bastringue-quebec-canada.html

Bars 1-2: Starting with L foot take 3 steps (1,2,3) and a kick (4)  into the center of the circle.

Bars 3-4: Starting with R foot take 3 steps (1,2,3) and a touch (4) out of the circle.

Bars 5-6: Repeat 1-2.

Bars 7-8: Repeat 3-4.

Bars 9-12: Take 4 two-steps circling clockwise (two step = L (1), R (&), L (2)  or opposite footwork)).

Bars 13-16: Take 4 two-steps, circling counterclockwise

Bars 17:  Retain hands with partner, drop other hands, lark steps slightly into the center with his R foot (1) then Left (2), while raising his left hand. The robin does a complete turn under the joined hands to end facing partner (R, L).

Bars 18-24: In ballroom position, swing partner (see below for swing instructions).

Bars 25-32:  Open up with lark on the inside of the circle facing counterclockwise. Promenade using 8 two steps clockwise around the circle. Use the last two step to close up into a circle. You and your partner should have switches sides; this puts you next to a new partner. You do the dance from the beginning with this new partner.

Swing: In Ballroom hold, but the bodies are turned to face slightly Left (in effect your R shoulders should be aligned with each other). You need to “give weight” to your partner, this does not mean leaning back it means sitting a little bit allowing some of your center of gravity to shift backwards, but you are responsible for holding yourself up! Your right foot is next to your partner’s right foot (but not between your partner’s feet). The left foot is on the outside. Step R, crossing in front of the left (1), Swing left around and step on it (to the outside) (&). The action is a little like doing a rida step or pushing your way on a skateboard or scooter.

Video:

• https://youtu.be/og1J3shlnF8?si=YvgVr5YeroLCCDsE
• https://youtu.be/Uu582TcOEgk?si=8VaEvw4z3ot-jrB2
• https://youtu.be/jWxcVcIgeAs?si=nQZvKUdJS5JBG_ZJ

Sasha
Саша
Russia

Probably a children’s dance, this came to the US via Bob Dalsemer who learned it from a Danish instructor. I learned the dance from Bill and Karen Faust who saw it done in Phoenix. Sasha is a nickname for Alexander or Alexandra.

  This dance is a great icebreaker when you have a room full of people who don’t know one another. There is some controversy over the exact clapping sequence. I’ve given you the one we use in Tucson.

 Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2011/10/sasha-russia.html

Part 1: Scolding:

Bar 1: Shaking index fingers at each other, the dancers shout “SA-sha” (12). Pause (34).

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1.

Bar 3: Shout “Ras” (Raz) (1). Pause (2). Shout “Dva” (3). Pause (4).

Bar 4: Shout “Tri” (1). Pause (234).

Part 2: Clapping

Bar 5: Clap R hand with partner’s R hand three times (1, 2, 3). Pause (4).

Bar 6: Repeat bar 5 with L hand.

Bar 7: Repeat bar 5 with both hands.

Bar 8: Repeat bar 5 except patting both hands on your own knees.

Bars 9-12: Repeat bars 5-8.

Part 3: Elbow turns

Bars 13-16; Locking R elbows with partner, walk around in a clockwise direction starting with the outside foot for 7 steps (each step takes 2 beats), on the last 2 beats of bar 16 shout “Hey” and extend left hand up and out diagonally.

Bars 17-20: Repeat Bars 13-16, but with L elbows joined, and walking counterclockwise.

Part 4: Walking

Bar 21: Face your partner and say “Da Svidaniya” (goodbye) and give them a wave.

Bar 22-36: Walk around the room (solo), randomly. Greet people as you pass them. On bar 36 face the nearest person and start the dance again. If there is no one nearby run to the center to see if there is someone else there.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/nM7Cma49394?si=tarmXQw04y7JOn30
• https://youtu.be/EyNVuarOjfs?si=4FQYy6und3lkEgzz

Swiss Break Mixer
USA/Switzerland/Germany 

Choreographed by Hannes Hepp from Germany. Also taught by Richard Powers and Carmin Irminger. The dance is also called “Break Mixer”, De Vögeli, and “Swiss Mixer”.  I often start beginner sessions with this dance. People can get it really quickly. Being a mixer, it helps people get to know one another and get used to touching other people.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2023/07/swiss-break-mixer-break-mixer-de-vogeli.html

Bars 1-4: Promenade forward in LOD using 8 walking steps. Start on either foot.

Bars 5-6: Turn to face partner, back away from partner with 4 walking steps.

Bar 7: Stomp in place 3 times (1, &, 2).

Bar 8: Clap three times (1, &, 2).

Bars 9-12: Link R elbows with partner, turn partner CW around with 8 steps.

Bars 13-16: Turn your L hand neighbor (Lark moves forward. Robin moves back) CCW around by the L elbow

Repeat until the end of the music

Videos

• https://youtu.be/UCZUFKqvTYA?si=PBIaHtVhZm6-gYbq

‘t Smidje
Belgium

This is a popular dance among youth groups in Europe (all over). It’s easy and is mostly being done to the song ‘t Smidje by the Folk/Rock GroupLais. It’s nearly identical to All American Promenade, Allemansmarsj, Humppa Mixer, Progressive Gay Gordons, Belgijka, and La Champeloise.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2011/11/t-smidje-belgium.html

Bar 1: Starting with inside foot (Lark’s R, robin’s L), Run 123, hop on count 4 and turn towards each other to face the reverse direction (CW).

Bar 2: Backing up (CCW), repeat bar 1 with opposite footwork.

Bar 3-4: Repeat  bars 1-2, but in the opposite direction (CW first, then backing up CCW)

Bar 5: Facing CCW again, do a pas de basque towards your partner, coming shoulder to shoulder (1&2), then a pas de basque away (3&4).  [Alternately: jump on both feet towards partner (12) and both feet away (34)

Bar 6:  “Roll away with a half sashay”. With the lark traveling to the Right, and the robin crossing in front of the lark by first facing him and then switching hands (lark’s L and robin’s R) and rolling out.  Stepping RLR hop

Bar 7: Repeat bar 5 with opposite foot work and direction.

Bar 8. Progression: Both turning towards the joined hand but dropping it. Lark does a complete turn in three steps going diagonally backwards (to end one person behind him and on the inside), Robin does a complete turn moving diagonally forward to end up one person ahead on the outside. if the turns are too difficult for the group, then the Robin progresses diagonally forward, and the lark shifts to the inside.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/40CD4_Il4OU?si=cuL2oUIvuRTERcVD
• https://youtu.be/SFkKwFUHWlA?si=O8fZEl7kTgd_FvIU
• https://youtu.be/MP-RCZgLfO0?si=ACsLB1y_y2HJmc46

Vesyolaya Kadril
Весёлая кадриль
Russia

Originally taught by Hennie Könings and widely taught by Radboud Koop. The title means “Joyful Quadrille”. Which is ironic because the dance isn’t a quadrille.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2016/11/vesyolaya-kadril-russia.html

I = Inside foot (Lark’s R, robin’s L)

O = Outside foot (Larks’s L, robin’s R)

Bar 1: Starting with outside foot take 3 steps into the center (1,2,3). Stamp inside foot, turning towards each other to face out (4).

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1, with opposite footwork traveling out and turning to face back in.

Bars 3-4: Repeat bars 1-2, end facing each other. Lark steps on L on last count instead of stamping.

Bars 5-6: Do-si-do partner, either with arms akimbo or with hands “washing the table” swaying from L to R.

Bar 7: Holding R hands with partner and using two pas-de-basque steps balance towards partner and away.

Bar 8: Exchange places with partner, Lark walks forward. Robin turns under Lark’s R arm . End facing new partner.

Repeat dance with new partner each time through the music.

5. Set Dances

Bourrée droite à 2 temps
France

Taught by Lynn Baumeister, Yves Moreau and many others. This is the simplest village-style bourrée. It is now a very common dance at Balfolk festivals.

Complete notes with, further information and references can be found at https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2022/07/bourree-droite-2-temps-france.html

Part 1:

Bar 1: Dance forward towards partner, stepping in on the L, leading with L shoulder (1). Step on R next to L (&). Step on L in place (3)

Bar 2: In place or moving slightly forward, close to partner, step R (1), L (&), R (2) leading with the R shoulder.

Bars 3-4: Repeat bars 1-2, except backing away from your partner on bar 3.

Bars 5-16: Repeat bars 1-4, three more times (4 in total).

Part 2:

Bar 1: Step L (1), R (&), L (2) curving in on the R diagonal ending facing your partner in a long line of people looking up and down the set.

Bar 2: Repeat bar 2 of Part 1.

Bars 3-4: Using the same footwork as bars 1-2, dance across curving into partner’s original place pulling R shoulder back to face partner on the opposite side.

Bars 5-8: Repeat back to original places.

Bars 9-16: Repeat bars 1-8.

Alternate the two steps until the end of the music.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/yLsy1rJkeak?si=Mzkr0uXmu_MdIdoZ
• https://youtu.be/QGXi4hO8LBk?si=joFtAo44O-Kj8MJw
• https://youtu.be/cJVMRbQcWWk?si=nPc3e1O2Ba1W5IoZ

Chilili
Bolivia

This description ©2021, Andrew Carnie. Originally taught by France and Yves Moreau, who learned it from Silvio Lorenzato. Complete notes with further information and references can be found at http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2009/10/chilili-bolivia.html

Basic Footwork (used throughout):

Bar 1: Step R, L, R, touch L.

Bar 2: Step L, R. L. touch R.

Part 1:

Bar 1: Facing center of set, travel to own right using 1 basic step (RLR-touch). Clap hands high and to the right on the touch.

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1 with opposite footwork and clapping hands low to left.

Bar 3: Repeat bar 1.

Bar 4: Repeat bar 2.

Part 2:

Bar 1: Use one basic step (RLR,touch) to travel into the center so that you come R-shoulder to R-shoulder with partner, while traveling forward, bring hands forward up to shoulder height.

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1, but back up away from partner. Hands come down. clap low in front of you on the touch.

Bars 3-4: Repeat part 2, bars 1-2.

Part 3 (Interlude)

Bar 1: With arms up at shoulder height, take one basic step forward but this time end facing your partner up and down the dance (i.e. perpendicular to starting position).

Bar 2: Using one basic step (LRL-touch) and moving across the set into the place previously occupied by your partner, do one 3/4 CCW turn (pull L shoulder back as you turn) to end facing partner across the set. Clap low on the touch.

Repeat dance on the opposite side of the set.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/SWrjk4LqYos?si=b918STlmSTaF05kI
• https://youtu.be/78ENi2s-3Lk?si=ooqzOhgTkuAh2ato

D’Hammerschmiedsg’selln
Germany

Originally taught by Walter Koegler,  Huig Hoffman, Vyts Beliajus, and Rickey Holden. There is some dispute about whether this dance is actually German, Austrian, Dutch or even an American invention.

People always enjoy clapping routines, and this one is particularly interesting because two of the dancers do the claps out of phase with the other two. This makes this dance a little harder than some of the others described in this chapter. But the time spent in teaching the clapping sequence will pay off by how much fun people have with it.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2015/01/dhammerschmiedsgselln-germany.html

Larks’ clapping pattern

Bar 1: Clap thighs (1). Clap chest (2). Clap own hands (3).

Bar 2: Clap opposite’s R hand (1). Clap opposite’s L hand (2). Clap both of opposite’s hands (3).

Robin’s clapping pattern

Bar 1: Clap opposite’s R hand (1). Clap opposite’s L hand (2). Clap both of opposite’s hands (3).

Bar 2: Clap thighs (1). Clap chest (2). Clap own hands (3).

The dance

Part 1: Clapping

Bars 1-16: Repeat clapping pattern 8 times.

An easy way to get started on this is to have the larks start on bar 1, while the robins wait. Then the robins begin with their bar 2 (which is the same as the lark’s bar 1) on bar 2.

Part 2: Circles

Bars 1-8: Join hands and circle to the left with 8 step hops.

Bars 9-16: Circle to the R with 8 step hops.

Part 3: Clapping

Bars 1-16: Repeat clapping pattern 8 times.

Part 4: Stars

Bars 1-8: Put R hand into the middle and do a R hand star with 8 step hops. Pull R shoulder back on last count and put L hand in.

Bars 9-16: L hand star back to place with 8 step hops.

Part 5: Clapping

Bars 1-16: Repeat clapping pattern 8 times.

Part 6: Circle in Shoulder Hold

Bars 1-16: Get into a shoulder hold but otherwise repeat par 2.

In the original dance, the couples got in a shoulder-shoulder blade position with partner and waltz around in LOD in Part 6. We’ve changed this to a second circle, so we don’t have to teach people how to waltz.

Videos

• https://youtu.be/qMGoSRl–qQ?si=5i-hAdO9FVB3VC9g
• https://youtu.be/VmzJoqJ1uw8?si=vavve6qcrZ39UNts

Hangman
Canada/USA

I choreographed this little dance on a flight while listening to a recording of this song on my phone. I loved the tune for its energy and spooky (but ultimately happy) theme.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2025/02/hangman-canadausa.html

Bars 1-16: Petronella turn around back to place.

Bars 17-20: In groups of 4, circle to the R (you can sashay or walk. We sashay)

Bars 21-24: Circle to the L (you can sashay or walk).

Bars 25-28: Do-si-do neighbor.

Bars 29-32: Pass through, passing R shoulders with neighbor to face a new couple.

Repeat from the beginning 6 more times (7 in total). Note that the dance sequence doesn’t always start with a singing verse. Sometimes it starts with instrumental.  After the 7th time through there (The verse where her sweetheart rescues her) are 8 extra bars of music. Swing your partner on these extra bars.

Kingston Flyer
Scotland

Choreographed by Noeline O’Connor. The Kingston Flyer is a steam train in New Zealand. This very simple Scottish Country dance is perfect for new people. You can teach them the traditional skip-change step, or you can just have them walk it.

Complete notes with, further information and references can be found at: http://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2008/02/kingston-flyer-8×32-jig-scotland.html

Use skip change of step throughout (except swing, where you use a buzz step)

Bars 1-8: First 3 robins, led by first robin, chase around behind the first 3 larks, cutting through between 3rd and 4th lark to dance back to place.

Bars 9-16: First 3 larks chase around first 3 robins.

Bars 17-24: First couple down the middle and back

Bars 25-32: First couple cast off to bottom, others step up, everyone swing.

Repeat with a new top couple until the end of the music. End with a bow to partner on the final chord

Videos

• https://youtu.be/ZB0kRVIVViw?si=nP2K41eIY7ozPQRr

Sicilian Tarantella
Italy

There are a couple of different dances called Sicilian Tarantella. This is the one that was taught by Vyts Beliajus, Michael Herman and Paul Erfer (and others). Tarantellas are supposedly dances done to imitate the effects of the bite of the tarantula. This dance can be done without tambourines but is more fun with them. I recommend teaching the dance first without them, then handing the noisy tambourines out afterwards.

Complete notes with further information and references can be found at: https://folkdancemusings.blogspot.com/2023/04/sicilian-tarantella-paul-erfermichael.html

Part 1: (Step hops)

Bar 1: Facing partner, leap on L foot to L. Clap tambourine (1). Hop on L, swinging R foot across in front (2)

Bar 2: Repeat bar 1 with opposite footwork.

Bars 3-4: Step L (1), R (2), L (3), R (4) in place with both hands above head shaking the tambourine.

Bars 5-16: Repeat bars 1-4, three more times (4 in total).

Part 2: (Forward and back)

Bars 1-2: With body bent forward at waist, run forward towards partner L (1), R (2), L (3). R (4), gradually straightening up and shaking tambourine as you swing arms up.

Bars 3-4: Back away from partner L (1), R (2), L (3). R (4), gradually bending over and lowering hands down to the side while shaking tambourine.

Bars 5-16: Repeat bars 1-4, three more times (4 in total).

Part 3: (Elbow turns)

Bars 1-4: With 8 steps Lark1 and Robin2, hook R elbows and turn each other around.

Bars 5-8: Lark2 and Robin1 repeat bars 1-4.

Bars 9-16: Repeat bars 1-8, except turn by the L elbow.

Part 4: (Do-si-do)

Bars 1-4: With 8 steps Lark1 and Robin2, do-si-do passing R shoulders.

Bars 5-8: Lark2 and Robin1 repeat bars 1-4.

Bars 9-16: Repeat bars 1-8, except do-si-do passing L shoulders (i.e. a seesaw).

Part 5: (Single file; star R and L)

Bars 1-4: Everyone turns to face CCW in their own group of 4 (i.e., L shoulder into the center). Both hands on hips. Circle single file CCW.

Bars 5-8: Pulling L shoulder back to face CW, circle single file CW.

Bars 9-12: Pull R shoulder back to face CCW, Stick L hand in and do a L hand star, while holding  R hand up and shaking tambourine.

Bars 13-16: Switching tambourine to L hand, Stick R hand in and R hand star back to place, while holding  L hand up and shaking tambourine.

Repeat dance from the beginning until the end of the music.

Video

• https://youtu.be/o2m1S19Vg7M?si=Ul0ibEKDY9TYqllf
• https://youtu.be/1JHr8ualYGc?si=5Y4gpKdteVI0tcW8

6. A Sample Beginner’s Class program.

I have used all of the dances above at some time or another to teach an intro class to complete beginners or have taught the dances at follow up sessions. Here is a typical program for a 2 hour program. The key elements are alternating type of dance, level of energy and style to give people wide exposure:

1. Swiss Break Mixer or Sasha
2. Zemer Atik
3. Cajun Cross
4. Kingston Flyer or Vesyolaya Kadril
5. Opsa
6. ‘t Smidje or Hangman*
7. Dimna Juda or I Trata
8. Yolanda
9. Carnavalito or Savila Se Bela Loza
10. Chilili or Bourrée

*I’d only do Hangman with a group that has proved their abilities. I wouldn’t do it with younger children.  If you have a group with younger children, you could substitute in Syp Simeon.